목차
Title page
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
ACRONYM LIST 10
INTRODUCTION 12
A MULTI -HAZARD REGION 12
CLIMATE ADAPTATION KNOWLEDGE GAP 13
A LEADING EWS: ICIMOD COMMUNITY BASED FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS 15
METHODOLOGY 17
LIMITATIONS 18
FINDINGS 20
KEY BARRIERS 20
POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS 29
ENABLING SOLUTIONS 30
STRATEGIES 36
KEY CONSIDERATIONS 42
RECOMMENDATIONS 44
RECOMMENDED POLICY STRATEGY: EXPAND ACCESS TO MHEWS IN HKH BY FOCUSING ON REGIONAL MHEWS 45
RECOMMENDED ENABLING POLICY SOLUTIONS 48
CLOSING KNOWLEDGE GAP 3 52
APPENDIX A: ETHICS AND TRANSPARENCY STATEMENT 54
APPENDIX B: EWS BACKGROUND 55
APPENDIX C: INTERVIEWS 61
APPENDIX D: ASSUMPTIONS AND CONSTRAINTS 70
APPENDIX E: DECISION RATIONALE 72
APPENDIX F: POTENTIAL STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS 75
BIBLIOGRAPHY 78
Table 1. Summary of ICIMOD's solutions to overcoming barriers 29
Table 2. Strategic pathways to increase access to EWS for multiple hazards in HKH 36
Table 3. Strategic pathway comparison analysis 42
Table 4. How our recommended enabling solutions align with the existing DRR and behavior change framework from the HKH Assessment 52
Table 5. Knowledge Gap Three 55
Table 6. Natural Hazard Definitions 56
Table 7. Disaster risk reduction elements and behavioral change strategies (Table 11.10 in Chapter 11 of the Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment) 58
Table 8. Summary of in-country interviews conducted 62
Table 9. Options table with decision rationale 72
Figure 1. Natural Hazard Occurrences in HKH Over Time (1900-2015) 12
Figure 2. Multi-Hazard Early Warning System illustration from the World Meteorological Organization 14
Figure 3. Four Elements of CBFEWS 15
Figure 4. Impact of floods and landslides in India, Nepal, and Bhutan 45
Figure 5. Tree map of economic damage attributed to natural hazards in the HKH subregion 46
Figure 6. Average fatalities per event occurrence in HKH (1900-2020) 47
Figure 7. Average damage per event occurrence in HKH (1900-2020) 47
Figure 8. CBFEWS sites visited during in-country interviews 66
Figure 9. Recommended area of ownership level focus (red outline) for this strategic recommendation in Nepal. Figure adapted from Figure 2: Roles and Responsibilities pre- and... 75
Figure 10. Recommended area of ownership level focus (red outline) for this strategic recommendation in Pakistan. Figure adapted from Figure-1: Institutional Model for Disaster Risk... 76
