Introduction 1
Nuclear and Missile Negotiations from 1994 to 2020 2
　The Agreed Framework (1994-2002) 2
　　Background : Negotiations to Defuse the First Nuclear Crisis 2
　　The Agreed Framework 4
　U.S. - DPRK Missile Negotiations 5
　The Six - Party Talks (2003-2009) 5
　　Background : The George W. Bush Administration and the Agreed Framework 5
　　The Six - Party Process and Agreements 7
　　The Six - Party Talks Collapse 9
　The 2012 Leap Day Deal 10
　2018-2019 Top - Down U.S. - DPRK Talks 11
　　Background : 2016-2017 Tensions 11
　　Rapprochement in 2018 and 2019 18
Future Considerations and Issues for Congress 18
　　Utility or Futility of Negotiations? 20
　　Preconditions 22
　　The U.S. - South Korea Alliance 23
　　Format of Negotiations 24
　　Linkage to Other Issues 25