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2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Democratic People's Republic of Korea
(2023 국가별 인권 실태 보고서: 조선민주주의인민공화국)

목차

Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52Executive Summary 1
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person 2
a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings 2
b. Disappearance 6
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses 7
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention 13
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial 15
f. Transnational Repression 17
g. Property Seizure and Restitution 21
h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence 22
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties 24
a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media 24
b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association 28
c. Freedom of Religion 29
d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country 29
e. Protection of Refugees 33
Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process 33
Section 4. Corruption in Government 34
Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights 35
Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses 37
Section 7. Worker Rights 47
a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining 47
b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor 48
c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment 48
d. Discrimination 50
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work 50
Endnote: Note on Sourcing 52

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