국회도서관 국가전략정보포털

Title page

Contents

Abstract 4

Résumé 4

Acknowledgements 5

Executive summary 9

1. Introduction 11

2. Tagging methodology 14

General approach 14

2.1. Environmental protection 16

2.1.1. Air pollution 16

2.1.2. Water pollution 18

2.1.3. Soil pollution 20

2.1.4. Solid waste 22

2.1.5. Ozone layer 24

2.1.6. Noise 26

2.1.7. Radiation 29

2.2. Natural resource management 31

2.2.1. Fisheries 31

2.2.2. Forests 33

2.2.3. Freshwater 35

2.2.4. Renewable energy 37

2.2.5. Fossil fuels 39

2.2.6. Minerals 41

2.3. Cross-cutting domains 43

2.3.1. Climate change mitigation 43

2.3.2. Climate change adaptation 45

2.3.3. Land degradation 48

2.3.4. Biodiversi 50

2.3.5. Ocean 52

2.3.6. Chemicals management 54

2.3.7. Energy efficiency 56

2.3.8. Circular economy 58

2.3.9. Mercury 60

3. Results 62

4. Conclusion 67

Annex A. Linkages with the proposed Classification of Environmental Functions 68

Annex B. Lists of environmental policy bases 70

References 74

Table 1. Environmental domains and the international environmental policy agenda 13

Table 2. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of air pollution-related instruments 16

Table 3/Table 2. Examples of air pollution-related instruments in the PINE database 17

Table 4. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of water pollution-related instruments 18

Table 5. Examples of water pollution-related instruments in the PINE database 19

Table 6. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of soil pollution-related instruments 20

Table 7. Examples of soil pollution-related instruments in the PINE database 21

Table 8. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of solid waste-related instruments 22

Table 9. Examples of solid waste-related instruments in the PINE database 23

Table 10. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of ozone layer-related instruments 24

Table 11. Examples of ozone layer-related instruments in the PINE database 25

Table 12. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of noise-related instruments 26

Table 13. Examples of noise-related instruments in the PINE database 28

Table 14. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of radiation-related instruments 29

Table 15. Examples of radiation-related instruments in the PINE database 30

Table 16. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of fisheries-related instruments 31

Table 17. Examples of fish-related instruments in the PINE database 32

Table 18. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of forest-related instruments 33

Table 19. Examples of forest-related instruments in the PINE database 34

Table 20. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of freshwater-related instruments 35

Table 21. Examples of freshwater-related instruments in the PINE database 36

Table 22. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of renewable energy-related instruments 37

Table 23. Examples of renewable energy-related instruments in the PINE database 38

Table 24. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of fossil fuel-related instruments 39

Table 25. Examples of fossil fuel-related instruments in the PINE database 40

Table 26. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of mineral-related instruments 41

Table 27. Examples of mineral-related instruments in the PINE database 42

Table 28. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of climate change-related instruments 43

Table 29. Examples of climate change mitigation-related instruments in the PINE database 44

Table 30. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of climate change adaptation-related instruments 45

Table 31. Examples of climate change adaptation-related instruments in the PINE database 47

Table 32. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of land degradation instruments 48

Table 33. Examples of land degradation-related instruments in the PINE database 49

Table 34. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of biodiversity-related instruments 50

Table 35. Examples of biodiversity-related instruments in the PINE database 51

Table 36. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of ocean-related instruments 52

Table 37. Examples of ocean-related instruments in the PINE database 53

Table 38. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of chemicals management-related instruments 54

Table 39. Examples of chemicals management-related instruments in the PINE database 56

Table 40. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of energy efficient-related instruments 56

Table 41. Examples of energy efficient-related instruments in the PINE database 57

Table 42. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of circular economy-related instruments 58

Table 43. Examples of Circular economy-related instruments in the PINE database 59

Table 44. Keywords to identify a candidate subset of mercury-related instruments 60

Table 45. Examples of mercury-related instruments in the PINE database 61

Figure 1. Policy instruments by type and environmental domain 62

Figure 2. Number of countries implementing policy instruments for environmental protection 63

Figure 3. Number of countries implementing policy instruments for natural resource management 64

Figure 4. Number of countries implementing policy instruments on cross-cutting domains 65

Figure 5. Frequency of multiple tagging of environmental domains 66

Annex Tables

Table A A.1. PINE domains and their links with international environmental classifications 68

Table A B.1. Environmentally harmful bases 70

Table A B.2. Less environmentally harmful bases 72