목차
Title page
Contents
Abstract 4
Résumé 4
Acknowledgements 5
Acronyms and abbreviations 6
Executive Summary 9
1. Background 11
1.1. Discussion questions 11
2. Cost recovery: concept and state of play in Member States 13
2.1. The concept of cost recovery 13
2.2. State of play of cost recovery in Member States 20
2.3. Emerging trends 23
3. The implementation of cost recovery: practical issues and emerging options 28
3.1. Political and societal issues 28
3.2. Technical issues 31
3.3. Options to recover rising costs 36
4. Looking ahead: how fit is cost recovery for the future? 41
4.1. What is the appropriate level of stringency for environmental policies? 41
4.2. How much can water policy instruments support (environmental) policy objectives? 41
Annex A. Timetable of implementation of the WFD 43
Annex B. Article 9 of the WFD 44
Article 9 - Recovery of costs for water services 44
Annex C. Article 5 and Annex III of the WFD on Cost recovery 45
Article 5 - Characteristics of the river basin district, review of the environmental impact of human activity and economic analysis of water use 45
Annex D. Economic Analysis 46
References 47
Table 3.1. Methodologies for estimating environmental values 35
Figure 2.1. Cost-recovery mechanisms: from full to sustainable and broad cost recovery 17
Figure 2.2. Average cost-recovery levels in EU Member States 21
Figure 2.3. Share of funding sources for water management in selected Member States 23
Figure 2.4. Per Annum additional expenditures by 2030 27
Figure 3.1. Projected affordability issues 30
Boxes
Box 3.1. The impact of investment backlog on costs 37
Box 3.2. Land value capture a suite of tools to finance water-related investments 39
Annex Tables
Table A.1. WFD: Timetable for implementation 43
