목차
Title page
Contents
Foreword 4
List of Abbreviations 6
What is EGRM and the RMYMG? 7
Introduction 9
Understanding the Global Critical Minerals Lifecycle: Environmental, Social, and Economic Opportunities and Impacts for Sustainable Development 11
What is a Value Chain? 11
Exploration and Project Development 12
Production: Extraction, Processing, and Refining 13
Significance of the Geographic Concentration of Mineral Supply Chains 14
Deep-Sea Mining 16
Manufacturing 17
What Makes Critical Minerals "Critical"? 18
End-of-Life: The Challenge of Waste and the Need for Circularity 22
Circular Economy 23
Towards a Globally-Aligned Resource Management Standard: The United Nations Framework Classification for Resources and the United Nations... 30
Why Do We Need Interoperable Resource Management Standards? 30
Case Study in UNFC/UNRMS Implementation 36
Conclusion 38
Annex I 40
Figure 1. An overview of the critical minerals value chain 12
Figure 2. Countries accounting for largest share of critical raw materials 14
Figure 3. Circular Economy Systems, the technical cycle 23
Figure 4. Waste Management Hierarchy, which illustrates that the more upstream the waste elimination and metal-bearing materials concentration,... 24
Figure 5. Geographic concentration of battery recycling capacities 27
Figure 6. UNFC use by the different stakeholder groups 31
Figure 7. Full version of UNFC with main classes 33
Figure 8. Roadmap to securing mineral supply using UNFC 34
Figure 9. Schematic connection of UNRMS to UNFC and project-level implementation 35
