목차
Title page
Contents
Abstract 2
1. Economic complexity approach 3
2. Data 7
3. Global trends 9
4. Complexity and Economic Growth 19
5. Path dependency 22
6. Can the rest of the world achieve complex technologies? 29
7. Conclusions and policy implications 31
References 33
Appendix 38
A. Mathematical Formulations 38
B. Data methods 46
C. Additional results 51
Table 1. Density regressions for scientific publications 28
Table 2. Density regressions for patents 28
Table 3. Publications and Related Patenting 30
Table 4. Trade and Related Patenting 31
Figure 1. A multidimensional view of innovation capabilities 7
Figure 2. Scientific publications worldwide between 2000 and 2020 11
Figure 3. Patents worldwide between 2000 and 2020 12
Figure 4. Inequality in scientific publications, patents, and exports, 2000-2020 14
Figure 5. RCA Matrices, 2000-2020 15
Figure 6. Diversity and Average Ubiquity, 2000-2020 16
Figure 7. Average Diversity 17
Figure 8. Country spaces, 2000-2020 18
Figure 9. Country characteristics by Cluster 19
Figure 10. Country ECI by Cluster 20
Figure 11. Average ECI 21
Figure 12. Change in ECI - 2000-2020 21
Figure 13. ECI vs. Growth 22
Figure 14. Evolution of the scientific field space for selected countries 23
Figure 15. Evolution of the technology space for selected countries 24
Figure 16. Cross-domain linkage tables 29
Boxes
Box 1. Main concepts 6
Table C.1. Most important scientific fields for clustering publications-derived country space 52
Table C.2. Most important technology classes for clustering patents-derived country space 54
Figure C.1. Diversity and Average Ubiquity, 2015-2020 51
Figure C.2. Evolution of the product spaces for selected countries 52
