목차
Title page 1
Contents 5
Acknowledgments 4
Executive summary 7
1. Introduction 9
The QuIS database 11
2. Overall trends in industrial policy support 13
3. The size of industrial policy support across countries 17
4. The main targets of industrial policy support 20
Industrial policy priorities vary considerably across countries and change over time 21
The importance of sectoral grants and tax expenditures has decreased while schemes supporting overall investment, the green transition and R&D have become more prevalent 22
The relative importance of financial instruments targeting SMEs has decreased 24
Energy cost support is important and mostly implemented through tax exemptions, which are generally horizontal or targeted to either transport or manufacturing 26
Green support increased between 2019 and 2022 driven by horizontal schemes, while programmes targeted to the energy sector decreased 27
Support to the energy sector decreased between 2019 and 2022 28
Regional support is small but growing, and is important in some countries 29
Endnotes 31
References 32
Annex A 33
Tables 6
Table 1. Structural industrial policy instruments (excluding COVID-19 emergency support) by country and instrument type 11
Table 2. Structural industrial policy instruments (excluding COVID-19 emergency support) by country and target 12
Table 3. Top three targets by country in 2022 and 2019, industrial policy grants and tax expenditures 21
Figures 5
Figure 1. QuIS Data Categorisation 10
Figure 2. There are variations in industrial policy instrument deployment across QuIS economies 12
Figure 3. Structural industrial policy support 2019-22 13
Figure 4. Dynamics of structural grants and tax expenditures instruments 14
Figure 5. Dynamics of structural financial instruments 15
Figure 6. COVID-19 emergency support over time 16
Figure 7. Grants and tax expenditures across countries by type, 2019 and 2022 18
Figure 8. Financial instruments across countries by type, excluding export finance, 2019 and 2022 19
Figure 9. Grants and tax expenditures and financial instruments (excluding export finance) by target 20
Figure 10. Grants and tax expenditures by target, 2019-22 22
Figure 11. Financial instruments (excluding export finance) by target, 2019-22 25
Figure 12. Grants and tax expenditures for energy cost support by sector and country 26
Figure 13. Green grants and tax expenditures by sector, 2019 and 2022 27
Figure 14. Sectoral grants and tax expenditures by sector and instrument type, 2019-22 29
Figure 15. Regional support through grants and tax expenditures and financial instruments 30
Boxes 9
Box 1. QuIS methodology 9
Annex Figures 33
Figure A 0.1. Export finance instruments across countries by type, 2019 and 2022 33
