Countering the Digital Silk Road

Executive Summary 01
Introduction 05
The Case for Countering the Digital Silk Road 09
The Digital Silk Road in Focus 13
How China Competes 23
Domains of Competition 30
 Subsea Cables 32
 Next-Generation Telecommunications 33
 LEO Satellites 35
 Data Centers and Cloud Services 37
 Artificial Intelligence 40
 Smart Cities 41
U.S. Efforts to Counter the Digital Silk Road 46
Allied Efforts to Counter the Digital Silk Road 57
Recommendations 61
Conclusion 68