Title page 1

Contents 3

Acknowledgments 2

Executive Summary 4

Introduction 5

Pull factors 6

Clarity of conflict 6

Reaction - Ukrainian tech diplomacy 7

Business alignment 8

Reaction - Ukrainian technical capability and posture 11

Push factors 15

Difficulty of coordination 15

Reaction - Ukrainian coordination and adaptation 16

Reaction - International aid facilitation 17

Risk of retaliation 19

Reaction - Risk definition and mitigation 22

Key takeaways and conclusion 24

About the author 26

Tables 5

Table 1. Push and pull factors 5

Figures 13

Fig. 1. Development programs aimed at enhancing Ukrainian technological capacity, 2014-2023 select examples 13