Biometrics and digital identity in Africa

Executive summary 1
Introduction 2
Methodology 4
The state of deployment of biometric technologies in Africa 5
Expanding frontiers of biometric deployment in Africa 6
Human rights standards in biometric deployment 12
Unbundling the supply chain 15
Risks and complexities in Africa’s biometric expansion 17
Legal and oversight frameworks across Africa 21
Policy recommendations 23
Conclusion 25
Appendix 26
About the author 30
Atlantic Council Board of Directors 31