Operation: Baltic Sea – safeguarding security, nature, and trade against Russia’s Bullying

Forewords 5

Russia Turns Up the Heat in the Baltic Sea Pressure Cooker – The West Closes Ranks 12

Euro-Atlantic Responses to Russia's “Boiling Frog” Strategy in the Baltic Region 20

Shadow Fleets: The Baltic Sea’s Lurking Oil Spill Threat 31

Cooperation for the Baltic Sea Environment: Is Russia’s Participation Necessary and Possible? 39

Finland Needs Transport Connections Across the Baltic Sea to Strengthen Trade, Security, and Tourism 47

Hydrogen as a New Backbone for Europe’s Energy and Industry 52

Cleaning Up the Archipelago Sea, One Action at a Time 59

Baltic Sea Life Suffers as Global Warming Makes the Water Fresher 66