Turning Challenge into Opportunity: Supplier Voices from Heavy-Emitting Sectors

Foreword 3

Executive summary 4

1 Mobility sectors 5

1.1 Aviation – scaling-up SAF: infrastructure integration, bottlenecks and future readiness 6

1.2 Shipping – the critical need for robust offtake in low-carbon fuel supply 15

1.3 Trucking – electrification realities: scaling-up, barriers and the road to decarbonization 22

1.4 Mobility cross-sector – converging realities across low-carbon mobility suppliers 27

2 Materials sectors 29

2.1 Cement and concrete – reimagining procurement practices to reward low-carbon innovation 30

2.2 Steel – commercializing pioneering technologies in an evolving policy landscape 34

2.3 Aluminium – powering low carbon aluminium: achieving parity with traditional supply 39

2.4 Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) – creating a market structure to commercialize proven technologies 44

2.5 Materials cross-sector – converging realities across low-carbon materials suppliers 47

Conclusion 49

Appendix 50

First Suppliers Hub technology readiness level (TRL) tables 50

Contributors 71

Acknowledgements 71

Endnotes 73