Title page 1

Contents 10

Acknowledgements 2

Executive Summary 3

1.0. Introduction 12

2.0. Methodology and Respondents 14

2.1. About the Surveys 14

2.2. About the Respondents 14

3.0. Results of Main Survey 17

3.1. Main Policy Problems of Investment Governance 17

3.2. Ideal Tools to Address the Selected Policy Problems 23

3.3. Ideal Roles for Treaties 28

4.0. Results of Follow-up Questionnaire 30

5.0. Main Lessons and Takeaways 35

References 36

Tables 11

Table 1. Total responses 14

Figures 10

Figure ES1. Policy problems of investment governance ranked 4

Figure ES2. Ideal functions for treaties 6

Figure 1. Sectors of work 15

Figure 2. Geography and regions 16

Figure 3. Gender 16

Figure 4. Top-ranked policy problems of investment governance 18

Figure 5. Negative impacts of investment projects and the lack of investor accountability 20

Figure 6. Ensuring positive impacts of foreign investment 21

Figure 7. Issues related to attracting sustainable investment 21

Figure 8. Policy problems of investment governance selected by lawyers and the private sector 23

Figure 9. Ideal tools to address the negative impact of investment projects 24

Figure 10. Ideal tools to ensure positive impact of foreign investment 25

Figure 11. Ideal tools to attract sustainable investment 25

Figure 12. Ideal tools to improve the regulatory environment for investment 26

Figure 13. Ideal tools to set up appropriate investment dispute settlement, resolution, and management 27

Figure 14. Ideal tools to solve issues related to investment governance, processes, and international cooperation 27

Figure 15. Ideal tools to support foreign investment/investors 28

Figure 16. Ideal functions for treaties 29

Figure 17. Ways in which treaties can support and attract sustainable investment 31

Figure 18. Does the multilateral or bilateral nature of the treaty matter? 32

Figure 19. Preferred treaty compliance mechanisms 33

Figure 20. Preferred ways to scale up renewable energy 34

Boxs 11

Box 1. Subcategories of top three policy problems of investment governance 5

Box 2. Subcategories of surveyed policy problems of investment governance 19