Title page 1

Contents 1

Abstract 1

I. Introduction 2

II. Decennial Census Hiring Process 7

III. Data and Methodology 10

IV. Labor Market Impacts of Census Hiring for Marginal Applicants 15

V. Labor Market Impacts of Census Hiring for Other Applicants 18

VI. Discussion and Conclusion 22

References 26

Appendix A. Additional Figures and Tables 42

Appendix B. Application 50

Appendix C. Sample Test 53

Tables 39

Table 1. Summary Statistics by Test Score 39

Table 2. Balance Tests 40

Table 3. Labor Market Impacts of Census Hiring using RD 70 Method 41

Figures 31

Figure 1. CDFs across Hiring Process by Test Score 31

Figure 2. RD Plots of Marginal Census Hiring on W-2 Employment 32

Figure 3. IV Estimates of Marginal Census Hiring on Labor Market Outcomes 33

Figure 4. Heterogeneity in Positive W-2 Impacts by Applicant Characteristic 34

Figure 5. Heterogeneity in Positive W-2 Impacts by Census Demographic 35

Figure 6. IV Estimates of General Census Hiring on Labor Market Outcomes 36

Figure 7. Work Paths of Marginal Census Hires by Type 37

Figure 8. Termination for Misconduct or Unsatisfactory Performance by Test Score 38

Appendix Tables 44

Table A1. Labor Market Impacts of Census Hiring Robustness Checks 44

Table A2. Heterogeneity in Positive W-2 Impacts by Applicant Characteristic 45

Table A3. Heterogeneity in Positive W-2 Impacts by Census Demographic 46

Table A4. Heterogeneity in Positive W-2 Impacts by State 47

Table A5. Labor Market Impacts of Census Hiring using Within Score Method 48

Table A6. Heterogeneity in Positive W-2 Impacts by Test Score Bin 49

Appendix Figure 42

Figure A1. Employee Lifecycle Chart from Seebold (2012) 42

Figure A2. Manipulation Testing Plot 43