1 Background  10

1.1 Agreement signed and implemented  10

1.2 British sovereignty over Gibraltar  12

1.3 Status of UK military base in Gibraltar  12

1.4 Background to the agreement and negotiations  13

1.5 Why was an agreement needed?  15

1.6 Political reaction in the UK  16

1.7 EU entry/exit system and deadline for provisional application  17

2 The agreement  19

2.1 Part One: Common and Institutional Provisions.  20

General provisions  20

Basis for cooperation and essential elements  21

Civil nuclear cooperation  22

Interpretations and definitions  22

Institutional framework  22

2.2 Part Two: Circulation of Persons.  23

Border controls and general principles  25

Residence in Gibraltar, Visas and Visa-Free travel  27

Asylum claims  28

Police cooperation  28

Implementation of Part Two provisions  30

Law enforcement and criminal justice cooperation  31

Combating money laundering and terrorist financing  33

2.3 Part Three: Economy and Trade  33

Customs union  34

Transaction tax and excise duties  35

Level playing field provisions  36

Transport  36

2.4 Part Four: Frontier Workers  38

2.5 Part Five: Financial Provisions  38

2.6 Part Six: Dispute Settlement  39

2.7 Part Seven: Final Provisions  40

Termination provisions  40

3 Implementation and next steps  42

3.1 Final version and provisional application of agreement  42

3.2 Legislation in the Gibraltar Parliament  43

3.3 Administrative arrangements for implementation of agreement  44

3.4 Unilateral and joint declarations  45

3.5 UK-Gibraltar Concordat on implementation of agreement  46

Concordat agreed and signed  47

Process for using termination provisions in the agreement  48

Assurances from UK Government on implementation  48

3.6 Ratification of the agreement  49

3.7 Scrutiny in the UK Parliament  50

4 Further reading  52

4.1 UK–EU Agreement on Gibraltar  52

4.2 UK Government documents and statements  52

4.3 EU documents  53

4.4 Gibraltar Government and Parliament  53

UK-Gibraltar Concordat concerning implementation of the agreement  54

4.5 Background on UK–EU negotiations on Gibraltar  54

4.6 UK ratification and parliamentary scrutiny of treaties  54