Title page 1

Contents 3

Introduction 4

Guide to the Atlas 4

Energy in Europe 6

The fossil import bill 7

The trillion-euro clean tech opportunity 8

Clean tech adoption 10

A quest for electrification 10

Solar power 12

Wind power 14

Hydropower 16

Nuclear power 18

Electricity grid 20

Battery storage 22

Electric vehicles 24

Heating 26

Clean tech manufacturing 28

The geography of industrial transition 28

Growing clean tech investments 30

Solar panels 32

Wind turbines 34

Uranium fuel 36

Electricity grids 38

Lithium-ion batteries 40

Electric vehicles 42

Clean hydrogen 44

Clean iron 46

Renewable energy endowments 48

One million jobs 50

Subsidies 52

International context 54

Clean tech trade 54

National imports and exports 56

The role of foreign investment 58

China 60

United States 62

Countries 64

Austria 64

Belgium 66

Bulgaria 68

Croatia 70

Cyprus 72

Czechia 74

Denmark 76

Estonia 78

Finland 80

France 82

Germany 84

Greece 86

Hungary 88

Ireland 90

Italy 92

Latvia 94

Lithuania 96

Luxembourg 98

Malta 100

Netherlands 102

Norway 104

Poland 106

Portugal 108

Romania 110

Slovakia 112

Slovenia 114

Spain 116

Sweden 118

Switzerland 120

United Kingdom 122

Endnotes 124

Methodology 126

Data sources 128

Glossary 130

About the authors 132