Executive Summary 1

Purpose 1

Methods 1

Findings 2

Recommendations 2

Introduction 4

Economic Impact and the CHIPS Act 5

Composition of the Semiconductor Workforce 7

Projected Shortages and Reliance on Foreign Talent 12

Semiconductor Workforce Pipeline and Pathways 14

Community and Technical Colleges 14

Registered Apprenticeships 17

Employee Retention 18

Geography of the Semiconductor Workforce 19

Geography and Education 20

Semiconductor Industry Clusters 21

Regional Partnerships for Semiconductor Jobs 22

Demographics of the Semiconductor Workforce 23

Underrepresented Groups 23

Veterans 23

Citizenship Status 24

Conclusion 26

Recommendation 1: Tailor Workforce Training to Skills Demands 26

Recommendation 2: Recruit Skilled Immigrants and Underrepresented Talent 26

Recommendation 3: Invest in Industry Clusters for Long-Term Growth 27

Appendix: Keywords for Semiconductor Manufacturing Jobs 28

Authors 29

Acknowledgments 29

Endnotes 30