Executive Summary i

1. Introduction 1

2. Summary of Canada’s Energy Production 3

  2.1 International rankings 3

  2.2 Energy ranking by product 5

3. A Closer Look at Canada’s Energy Economy 12

  3.1 Production and supply 12

  3.2 Domestic consumption 15

  3.3 Energy efficiency, energy intensity, and climate performance 17

  3.4 Canada’s international trade in energy 18

  3.5 Canada’s energy trade by product 21

  3.6 Asset ownership and investment 22

  3.7 Infrastructure 24

4. Looking Ahead  28

  4.1 Global forces shaping the outlook for the energy sector 28

  4.2 Canadian outlook 30

  4.3 Planned investment, energy production and infrastructure 32

5. Policy Directions and Recommendations 34

  Final observations 36

Glossary 38

References 40

  About the Authors and Acknowledgements 49

  Publishing Information 50

  About the Fraser Institute 51

  Editorial Advisory Board 52