Title page 1

Contents 1

1. Summary 2

2. Nature of China-linked activities in the UK 5

2.1. Overview and recent government security and defence reviews 5

2.2. Cyber-attacks and spying concerns 7

2.3. Monitoring of Chinese diaspora and transnational repression 14

2.4. Free speech, media and higher education 17

2.5. Economic security 23

3. Key UK Government actions and response 25

3.1. Key state threats related legislation 25

3.2. Foreign Influence Registration Scheme (FIRS) 26

3.3. Investment and procurement legislation 29

4. Chinese government response 33