국가전략정보포털

Title page

Contents

Highlights 2

Letter 8

Background 12

AI Definitions Vary 12

Characteristics and Types of AI 13

Federal Law and Executive Actions Guide AI Implementation and Responsibilities 16

AI Oversight Bodies in the Federal Government 21

GAO Has Reported on AI and Opportunities to Improve Its Governance and Use 22

Agency AI Inventories Reported About 1,200 Uses for AI 24

Most Agencies' AI Inventories Were Not Fully Comprehensive and Accurate 28

Federal Agencies Have Taken Steps to Comply with AI Requirements, but Further Actions Remain 31

OMB Partially Issued AI Guidance for Federal Agencies 31

OSTP Did Not Inform Agencies Responsible for AI Actions 33

OPM Identified Key AI Skills and Competencies, but Needs to Complete Other Requirements 34

GSA Established the AI Center of Excellence and an AI Track through the Presidential Innovation Fellows Program 37

Commerce Issued a Plan to Develop AI Technical Standards with Relevant Stakeholders 38

Federal Agencies Partially Implemented AI Requirements 39

Conclusions 48

Recommendations for Executive Action 48

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 53

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 64

Appendix II: Comments from the Department of Commerce 71

Appendix III: Comments from the Department of Energy 72

Appendix IV: Comments from the Department of Health and Human Services 74

Appendix V: Comments from the Department of Homeland Security 76

Appendix VI: Comments from the Department of the Interior 79

Appendix VII: Comments from the Department of Veterans Affairs 81

Appendix VIII: Comments from the Environmental Protection Agency 84

Appendix IX: Comments from the General Services Administration 87

Appendix X: Comments from the Office of Personnel Management 88

Appendix XI: Comments from the Department of Education 90

Appendix XII: Comments from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 92

Appendix XIII: Comments from the Department of State 94

Appendix XIV: Comments from the Department of the Treasury 96

Appendix XV: Comments from the U.S. Agency for International Development 97

Appendix XVI: Comments from the Office of Management and Budget 99

Appendix XVII: Comments from the Social Security Administration 101

Appendix XVIII: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 102

Table 1. Various Artificial Intelligence (AI) Definitions within the Federal Government 13

Table 2. Key Artificial Intelligence (AI) Requirements from Federal Law and Guidance, as of April 2022 18

Table 3. Summary of Limitations Identified in Agency Artificial Intelligence (AI) Inventories 29

Table 4. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Implementation of Selected Artificial Intelligence (AI) Federal Policy and Legal Requirements, as of November 2023 32

Table 5. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Implementation of Selected Artificial Intelligence (AI) Federal Policy and Legal Requirements, as of September 2023 35

Table 6. General Services Administration (GSA) Implementation of Selected Artificial Intelligence (AI) Federal Policy and Legal Requirements, as of September 2023 37

Table 7. Commerce Implementation of Selected Artificial Intelligence (AI) Federal Policy, as of September 2023 38

Table 8. Federal Agencies' Implementation of Selected Artificial Intelligence (AI) Requirements, as of September 2023 42

Table 9. Positions of Agency Officials Serving as Responsible Artificial Intelligence Officials (RAIO), as of September 2023 46

Table 10. Required Fields of the 2021 Guidance for Creating Agency Inventories of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use Cases Inventory Format 65

Table 11. Key Artificial Intelligence (AI) Requirements from Federal Law and Guidance 67

Figure 1. Waves of AI 15

Figure 2. Timeline of Federal Efforts to Advance Artificial Intelligence 17

Figure 3. Agency Reported AI Use Cases during Fiscal Year 2022 25

Figure 4. Agency Reported Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use Case Life Cycle Stage, as of Fiscal Year 2022 26

Figure 5. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use Case Application Areas 28