Title page 1

Contents 3

Summary 2

Introduction 4

Defining AI 4

Regulatory Considerations 5

AI Governance and Regulation in the United States 7

Federal Laws Addressing AI 7

Congressional AI Activities 10

Executive Branch AI Actions 11

U.S. Approaches to Regulating AI 13

Regulating the AI Technologies 13

Regulating the Use of AI Technologies Across Sectors 14

Regulating the Use of AI Technologies Within Sectors 15

Selected International Approaches to AI Governance and Regulation 15

United Kingdom 15

European Union 17

China 21

Multi-Country and Bilateral AI Governance Activities 23

Policy Considerations and Options for Congress 25

Leveraging Existing Frameworks 25

Creating New AI Regulations or Authorities 27

Supporting U.S. AI Development and Deployment 28

Engaging with International Efforts to Regulate AI 29

Author Information 30

Disclaimer 31

Figures 3

Figure 1. European Union AI Act's Risk-Based Regulatory Approach 20