Title page

Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2

ABSTRACT 5

INTRODUCTION 6

PART ONE: GAPS IN THE CLIMATE SECURITY AGENDA AND THE ETHICAL AND GEOPOLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ADDRESSING THEM 8

Stabilisation priorities and declining development co-operation 8

Contestations over coupling climate change to security: 'securitisation' and political leverage 9

Spiralling needs and dwindling finance 10

Climate change and conflict contexts - neglected realities 12

Climate (in)justice and geopolitical rivalry over influence in Africa 13

PART TWO: TOWARDS ADVANCING THE CLIMATE SECURITY AGENDA - INSIGHTS FROM THE HORN OF AFRICA 15

Mutually reinforcing challenges - climate, conflict, fragmentation and low external engagement 15

Regional efforts of advancing the climate security agenda 17

Key messages for advancing climate security: adopt a peace continuum approach, couple climate adaptation and institutional engagement, and promote... 19

CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 24

REFERENCES 26