목차
Title page
Contents
Abstract 4
Résumé 5
Acknowledgements 6
Executive summary 9
1. Introduction 12
2. Stock-take of policies to require a minimum share of recycled content 14
2.1. Company Policies 15
2.2. Government policies 18
3. Early evidence of the effectiveness of recycled content policies 25
3.1. Early evidence of an increase in the share of recycled content 26
3.2. Early evidence of price impacts in the short term 26
3.3. Early evidence of investment in recycling 29
4. Compliance with requirements and verification of recycled content 31
4.1. Examples of compliance requirements 31
4.2. Definitions for recycled content 32
4.3. Verification of recycled content 33
5. Considerations for the design of recycled content policies 38
5.1. Considerations for defining recycled content requirements 38
5.2. Recycled content requirements in the context of a policy mix 40
6. Key policy insights 42
7. References 43
Table 2.1. Policies vary in geographic and product coverage and ambition within the OECD membership 15
Table 2.2. Industry-wide voluntary commitments 17
Table 2.3. Examples of international and national recycled content targets 19
Table 2.4. Examples of EPR fee modulation according to recycled content criteria 20
Table 2.5. Examples of procurement policy with recycled content requirements 21
Table 2.6. Forthcoming recycled content requirements 22
Table 2.7. Examples of recycled content requirements as taxes 23
Table 2.8. Examples of recycled content requirements as authorisation with penalties 24
Table 4.1. Recycled content/requirements reporting and scope definitions 31
Table 4.2. Examples of monitoring and enforcement language provisions 32
Table 4.3. Examples of definitions of recycled content 33
Table 4.4. Examples of chain of custody methods 34
Table 4.5. Examples of certification schemes for recycled content 36
Figure 1.1. Comparison of primary and secondary plastics production 13
Figure 2.1. Recycled content policies vary by key actor and level of compulsion 14
Figure 2.2. Voluntary commitments for recycled content in packaging by product sector 16
Figure 3.1. Theory of change 25
Figure 3.2. Examples of new plastics economy signatories' performance 26
Figure 3.3. Price difference in primary and secondary PET in Europe 27
Figure 3.4. Price evolution of recovered plastics in the United Kingdom (top) and price evolution of crude oil (bottom) 28
Figure 3.5. United States primary and secondary PET (rPET) price comparison 29
Figure 3.6. Global Investments in alternative plastic feedstocks 30
Figure 4.1. Comparison of segregation (top) mass-balance (bottom) 34
Figure 4.2. Mixing of chemically recycled material with primary equivalent 35
