Title page

Contents

Acknowledgments 4

Abstract 5

Resume 6

1. Introduction 9

2. Launching Pads for Employment and Entrepreneurship in Spain 12

What is it about? 12

In detail 13

Results 16

Conclusion: why is the approach promising? 17

3. The Ohjaamo one-stop-shops in Finland 18

What is it about? 18

In detail 18

Results 22

Conclusion: why is the approach promising? 23

4. In-placement Foundations (Implacementstiftungen) in Austria 24

What is it about? 24

In detail 24

Results 26

Conclusion: why is the approach promising? 26

5. The Munich Employment and Qualification Programme in Germany 27

What is it about? 27

In detail 28

Results 30

Conclusion: why is the approach promising? 31

6. The Fit-4-Work project in the Netherlands 32

What is it about? 32

In detail 33

Results 34

Conclusion: why is the approach promising? 35

Conclusion 36

References 37

Table 1.1. The approaches address long-term unemployment from various angles 10

Table 2.1. Costs for a Launching Pad 13

Figure 1.1. Long-term unemployment remains a major concern in many countries 9

Figure 2.1. Timeline for a Launching Pad for Employment and Entrepreneurship 15

Figure 3.1. Youth services are the most common services offered in Ohjaamo Centres 20