목차
Table of contents
About the Martens Centre 04
About the authors 06
Executive summary 08
Introduction 12
Migration trends: from emigration to immigration 15
Migrants living in the EU 16
Intra-EU/EFTA mobility 18
Immigration of non-EU citizens 21
Labour migration 27
Marriage migration and family reunion 30
Asylum seekers and refugees 34
First asylum requests 34
Positive decisions on asylum applications 40
Emigration and return 44
2022: a very special year 45
Mass immigration to the EU 45
Asylum in 2022 48
Displaced Ukrainians 50
Returns 54
Migrant integration in the EU 55
Labour market participation 55
Education 59
Social inclusion 60
Political inclusion 63
Conclusions and outlook 67
Appendix: Eurostat statistics explained 68
Bibliography 74
