Title page 3

Contents 3

FOREWORD 3

NATO IN 2024: AN AGILE AND INNOVATIVE ALLIANCE 5

DETERRENCE AND DEFENCE ACROSS ALL DOMAINS 7

INVESTING IN DEFENCE: RESOURCED FOR THE FUTURE 17

CUTTING-EDGE: GIVING ALLIED FORCES THE CAPABILITIES THEY NEED 21

BOOSTING RESILIENCE 29

CRISIS PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT 31

PARTNERSHIPS: SHARED SECURITY THROUGH COOPERATION AND DIALOGUE 34

ANNEX I. NATO AT A GLANCE 39

ANNEX II. KEY NATO AND ALLIED MULTINATIONAL EXERCISES IN 2024 44

ANNEX III. KOSOVO FORCE 50

ANNEX IV. DEFENCE EXPENDITURE OF NATO COUNTRIES (2014-2024) 51

Tables 55

Table 1. Defence expenditure (million national currency units) 55

Table 2. Defence expenditure (million US dollars) 56

Table 3. Defence expenditure as a share of GDP and annual real change (based on 2021 prices) 57

Table 4. Defence expenditure real change 2014-2024e 58

Table 5. GDP (million US dollars) 59

Table 6. GDP per capita and defence expenditure per capita (2021 prices and exchange rates) 60

Table 7. Military personnel (Thousands) 61

Table 8a. Distribution of defence expenditure by main category (percentage of total defence expenditure) 62

Table 8b. Distribution of defence expenditure by main category (percentage of total defence expenditure) 63

Graphs 52

Graph 1. Defence expenditure (billion US dollars, based on 2021 prices and exchange rates) 52

Graph 2. NATO Europe and Canada - defence expenditure (billion US dollars, based on 2021 prices and exchange rates) 52

Graph 3. Main categories of defence expenditure (percentage of total defence expenditure) 2024e 53

Graph 4. NATO Europe and Canada - major equipment expenditure (annual real change, based on 2021 prices and exchange rates) 54