Executive summary 1

Introduction 2

The Netherlands: quo vadis? 3

The United Kingdom 6

AI institutes in the UK 6

AI-related strategic documents 7

International cooperation and the use of Brexit in support of a pro-innovation approach 8

AI governance structures 8

Denmark 10

Strategic documents 10

AI strategy in an international context 12

AI supercomputer 13

AI governance structures 13

France 14

AI convening power 14

National AI strategy 14

AI governance structures 16

Singapore 17

AI safety 17

Sectoral focus and human-centred AI 18

A systems-based approach: three systems, ten enablers and 15 actions 19

AI governance structures 19

Summary: all AI strategies in a nutshell 21

Best practices for the Netherlands? 23