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The Hamilton Index, 2026 : China’s dominance in advanced industries is growing
(2026 해밀턴 지수: 첨단산업에서 확대되는 중국의 지배력)
□ 39개국의 반도체·배터리·우주항공·바이오 등 첨단산업 생산 역량과 경쟁력을 조사하였다.
□ 중국이 세계 첨단산업 생산의 약 25%를 차지하며 주요 첨단산업 분야에서 세계 선두권에 올라섰다고 분석하였다.
□ 한국은 반도체·배터리·전자 제조 분야의 핵심 첨단 제조국으로 평가되었으며, 첨단산업 특화 경쟁력(LQ) 기준 2.17점으로 세계 2위를 기록하였다. 이는 2023년(1.77점·2위)과 동일한 순위이다.
□ 중국의 산업 지배력 확대가 미국과 서구의 산업 경쟁력과 경제안보에 위협이 될 수 있다고 지적하며, 첨단산업 공급망과 제조 경쟁력 강화를 강조하였다.
※ 해밀턴 지수: ITIF가 개발한 국가별 첨단산업 경쟁력·생산역량 분석 지표
목차
Title page 1
Contents 2
KEY TAKEAWAYS 1
INTRODUCTION 4
METHODOLOGY 4
OVERALL FINDINGS 7
Specialization Rankings 7
Top 10 Producers 12
The China Juggernaut 15
The Fall of the OECD 18
The United States and OECD vs. China and the Rest of the World 19
INDUSTRY PROFILES 21
IT and Information Services 21
Computers, Electronics, and Optical Products 25
Chemicals 29
Machinery and Equipment 33
Basic Metals 37
Motor Vehicles 41
Fabricated Metals 45
Pharmaceuticals 49
Electrical Equipment 53
Other Transportation Equipment 57
TOP 10 PRODUCER PROFILES 61
China 61
United States 65
Germany 71
Japan 75
South Korea 79
India 83
United Kingdom 87
France 91
Taiwan 95
Italy 99
OTHER PRODUCERS 102
Canada 102
Mexico 106
Vietnam 109
SELECT REGIONAL GROUPINGS 113
EU-17 113
EU-10 115
The Commonwealth 117
The Quad 119
Belt & Road Members 121
APPENDIX A: HAMILTON INDEX INDUSTRIES 123
APPENDIX B: COUNTRY GROUPINGS 124
APPENDIX C: HAMILTON INDEX CALCULATIONS 125
APPENDIX D: SPECIALIZATION INDEX CALCULATIONS 126
ENDNOTES 127
Table 1. Hamilton Index leaders by industry, 2022 11
Figure 1. Global output from industries included in the Hamilton Index, 2022 ($11.9 trillion, total) 5
Figure 2. Hamilton industry shares of the global economy, 1995-2022 6
Figure 3. Relative national performance in the composite Hamilton Index (2022 LQ) 8
Figure 4. Change in relative national performance in the composite Hamilton Index (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 9
Figure 5. Specialization Index Rankings, 2022 10
Figure 6. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 12
Figure 7. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in Hamilton industries minus IT, 1995-2022 13
Figure 8. Numbers of comparatively strong and weak industries in the top 10 producer nations 14
Figure 9. Value-added output by comparatively strong and weak industries in the top 10 producer nations 14
Figure 10. China's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 15
Figure 11. Ratio of Chinese to U.S. global market share in Hamilton industries, 2022 16
Figure 12. Change in China's output as a share of the change in U.S. output in Hamilton industries, 2013-2022 17
Figure 13. Nominal change in output from 2018 to 2022, China vs. the rest of the world 17
Figure 14. OECD's global market share in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 18
Figure 15. Global market shares of Hamilton industries for the United States, OECD, China, and non-OECD countries, 1995-2022 19
Figure 16. Net performance in Hamilton industries since 1995 (scaled to 2022 output) 20
Figure 17. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in IT and information services, 1995-2022 21
Figure 18. Relative performance in IT and information services (2022 LQ) 23
Figure 19. Net change in relative performance in IT and related services (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 24
Figure 20. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in computers and electronics, 1995-2022 26
Figure 21. Relative performance in computers and electronics (2022 LQ) 27
Figure 22. Net change in relative performance in computers and electronics (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 28
Figure 23. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in chemicals, 1995-2022 29
Figure 24. Relative performance in chemicals (2022 LQ) 31
Figure 25. Net change in relative performance in chemicals (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 32
Figure 26. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in machinery and equipment, 1995-2022 33
Figure 27. Relative performance in machinery and equipment (2022 LQ) 35
Figure 28. Net change in relative performance in machinery and equipment (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 36
Figure 29. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in basic metals, 1995-2022 37
Figure 30. Relative performance in basic metals (2022 LQ) 39
Figure 31. Net change in relative performance in basic metals (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 40
Figure 32. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in the motor vehicles industry, 1995-2022 41
Figure 33. Relative performance in motor vehicles (2022 LQ) 43
Figure 34. Net change in relative performance in motor vehicles (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 44
Figure 35. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in fabricated metals, 1995-2022 45
Figure 36. Relative performance in fabricated metals (2022 LQ) 47
Figure 37. Net change in relative performance in fabricated metals (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 48
Figure 38. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in pharmaceuticals, 1995-2022 49
Figure 39. Relative performance in pharmaceuticals (2022 LQ) 51
Figure 40. Net change in relative performance in pharmaceuticals (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 52
Figure 41. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in the electrical equipment industry, 1995-2022 53
Figure 42. Relative performance in electrical equipment (2022 LQ) 55
Figure 43. Net change in relative performance in electrical equipment (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 56
Figure 44. Top 10 producers' historical shares of global output in other transportation equipment, 1995-2022 57
Figure 45. Relative performance in other transportation equipment (2022 LQ) 59
Figure 46. Net change in relative performance in other transportation equipment (LQ difference, 2013-2022) 60
Figure 47. Hamilton industries' shares of China's economy, 1995-2022 61
Figure 48. China's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 62
Figure 49. China's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 63
Figure 50. China's relative historical performance in Hamilton Index industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 64
Figure 51. China's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 64
Figure 52. Hamilton Index industries' shares of the U.S. economy, 1995-2022 65
Figure 53. America's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 66
Figure 54. America's global market share of Hamilton industries with and without IT, 1995-2022 67
Figure 55. America's LQ in Hamilton industries with and without IT, 1995-2022 67
Figure 56. America's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 68
Figure 57. America's relative historical performance in Hamilton Index industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 69
Figure 58. America's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 70
Figure 59. Hamilton Index industries' shares of Germany's economy 71
Figure 60. Germany's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 72
Figure 61. Germany's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 73
Figure 62. Germany's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 73
Figure 63. Germany's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 74
Figure 64. Hamilton Index industries' shares of Japan's economy, 1995-2022 75
Figure 65. Japan's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 76
Figure 66. Japan's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 77
Figure 67. Japan's relative historical performance in Hamilton Index industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 77
Figure 68. Japan's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 78
Figure 69. Hamilton Index industries' shares of South Korea's economy, 1995-2022 79
Figure 70. South Korea's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 80
Figure 71. South Korea's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 81
Figure 72. South Korea's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries (LQ trends) 81
Figure 73. South Korea's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 82
Figure 74. Hamilton Index industries' shares of India's economy, 1995-2022 83
Figure 75. India's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 84
Figure 76. India's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 84
Figure 77. India's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 85
Figure 78. India's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 86
Figure 79. Hamilton Index industries' shares of the United Kingdom's economy, 1995-2022 87
Figure 80. The United Kingdom's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 88
Figure 81. The United Kingdom's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ, 1995-2022) 88
Figure 82. The UK's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 89
Figure 83. The United Kingdom's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 90
Figure 84. Hamilton Index industries' shares of France's economy, 1995-2022 91
Figure 85. France's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 92
Figure 86. France's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 92
Figure 87. France's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 93
Figure 88. France's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 94
Figure 89. Hamilton Index industries' shares of Taiwan's economy, 1995-2022 95
Figure 90. Taiwan's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 96
Figure 91. Taiwan's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 96
Figure 92. Taiwan's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 97
Figure 93. Taiwan's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 98
Figure 94. Hamilton Index industries' shares of Italy's economy, 1995-2022 99
Figure 95. Italy's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 100
Figure 96. Italy's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 100
Figure 97. Italy's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 101
Figure 98. Italy's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 101
Figure 99. Hamilton Index industries' shares of Canada's economy, 1995-2022 102
Figure 100. Canada's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 103
Figure 101. Canada's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 104
Figure 102. Canada's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 104
Figure 103. Canada's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 105
Figure 104. Hamilton Index industries' shares of Mexico's economy, 1995-2022 106
Figure 105. Mexico's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 107
Figure 106. Mexico's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 107
Figure 107. Mexico's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 108
Figure 108. Mexico's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 108
Figure 109. Hamilton Index industries' shares of Vietnam's economy, 1995-2022 109
Figure 110. Vietnam's global market shares in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 110
Figure 111. Vietnam's relative performance in Hamilton Index industries (2022 LQ) 110
Figure 112. Vietnam's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries (LQ trends, 1995-2022) 111
Figure 113. Vietnam's net performance in Hamilton industries since 2013 (scaled to 2022 output) 112
Figure 114. Hamilton Index industries' share of EU-17 economies, 1995-2022 113
Figure 115. EU-17's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 114
Figure 116. Hamilton Index industries' share of EU-10 economies, 1995-2022 115
Figure 117. EU-10's relative historical performance in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 116
Figure 118. Hamilton Index industries' share of Commonwealth economies, 1995-2022 117
Figure 119. Commonwealth nations' relative historical performance in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 118
Figure 120. Hamilton Index industries' share of Quad economies, 1995-2022 119
Figure 121. Quad nations' relative historical performance in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 120
Figure 122. Hamilton Index industries' share of Belt and Road economies, 1995-2022 121
Figure 123. Belt and Road nations' relative historical performance in Hamilton industries, 1995-2022 122
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The Hamilton Index, 2026 : China’s dominance in advanced industries is growing
(2026 해밀턴 지수: 첨단산업에서 확대되는 중국의 지배력)
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