목차
Foreword 3
Editorial: Bold action is vital to support living standards of the most vulnerable 4
Executive summary 14
1 A tale of two crises: Recent labour market developments across the OECD 17
In Brief 18
Introduction 20
1.1. The economic fallout of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine threatens the strength of the economic recovery from the COVID-19 crisis 21
1.2. The labour market recovery from the COVID-19 crisis was stronger than expected but uneven across countries 26
1.3. Low-pay service industries lag behind in the recovery 40
1.4. Much of the initial very unequal impact of the crisis has been re-absorbed, but some vulnerable groups lags behind in the recovery in many countries 44
1.5. The crisis has drawn attention to the low quality of many frontline jobs 58
1.6. Concluding remarks 62
References 64
Annex 1.A. Additional results 70
Annex 1.B. Adjustments to the breaks in Eurostat time-series 74
Annex 1.C. List of at-risk occupations 75
Notes 77
2 Supporting jobs and incomes: An update on the policy response to the COVID-19 crisis 81
In Brief 82
Introduction 84
An update of countries’ COVID-19 policy support to workers and households 85
Spotlights on specific policies for women, young people, frontline workers and racial/ethnic minorities 107
Emerging from COVID-19: Challenges and priorities for labour market and social policy in 2022 120
Concluding remarks 123
References 124
Notes 130
3 Monopsony and concentration in the labour market 132
In Brief 133
Introduction 135
3.1. The general case of monopsony 137
3.2. How concentrated are OECD labour markets? 139
3.3. The effects of labour market concentration on labour market performance 152
3.4. Monopsony and labour market policy: Direct and indirect policy considerations 163
3.5. Concluding remarks 171
References 172
Annex 3.A. Additional figures 186
Annex 3.B. Country selection, standardisation and aggregation 191
Annex 3.C. Defining occupational transitions based on skill distances 193
Notes 194
4 The role of firm performance and wage-setting practices in wage inequality 200
In Brief 201
Introduction 202
4.1. Framework 203
4.2. Main findings 211
4.3. Policy discussion 222
4.4. Concluding remarks 224
References 225
Annex 4.A. Productivity pass-through in the static monopsony model 230
Annex 4.B. Data annex 233
Annex 4.C. Additional material 236
Notes 240
5 Well-being, productivity and employment: Squaring the working time policy circle 243
In Brief 244
Introduction 246
5.1. Working time and workers’ non-material well-being 247
5.2. Working time, productivity and employment 261
5.3. Concluding remarks 276
References 278
Annex 5.A. Additional information on the impact of working hours and working time arrangements on workers’ well-being 290
Annex 5.B. Additional information on the impact of working time reductions in Europe 301
Annex 5.C. Comprehensive literature review on the employment effect of change in hours worked 302
Annex 5.D. Balanced samples of treated and control groups for the firm-level analyses in Germany, Korea and Portugal 309
Notes 313
Annex A. Statistical annex 318
해시태그
관련자료
AI 100자 요약·번역서비스
인공지능이 자동으로 요약·번역한 내용입니다.
OECD employment outlook 2022
(OECD 고용전망 2022)