국회도서관 국가전략정보포털

Title page

Contents

Summary 4

01. Introduction: Drivers of Russian polar interests 6

02. The European Arctic, the Kola Bastion and the High North 11

Russia's military posture in the European Arctic 11

Potential navigational chokepoints and flashpoints in the High North 14

03. The central Arctic, the NSR and the North Pole 17

Russia's military posture in the central Arctic 17

Chokepoints and flashpoints of tension in the central Arctic 20

04. The Pacific Arctic, the Bering Strait and northeast Asia 23

Russia's military posture in the Pacific Arctic 23

Chokepoints and flashpoints in the Pacific Arctic 25

05. Antarctica, the Southern Ocean and the South Pole 28

Russia's approach to Antarctica and the Southern Ocean 28

Russian capabilities and infrastructure in Antarctica 31

Antarctic flashpoints 32

06. Policy impact and consequences 35

Miscalculation, accidents and tactical errors 35

Russia-China polar relations 38

07. Conclusion and policy recommendations 42

List of abbreviations and acronyms 46

About the author 47

Acknowledgments 48

Figure 1. Russian military infrastructure in the AZRF 12

Figure 2. Main Russian, Chinese and US installations in the Antarctic region 29