Title page

Contents

Highlights 2

Letter 6

New Opportunities Exist to Improve Efficiency and Effectiveness across the Federal Government 9

Congress and Executive Branch Agencies Continue to Address Actions Identified over the Last 12 Years across the Federal Government, Resulting in Significant Benefits 13

Actions Taken By Congress and Executive Branch Agencies Led to Hundreds of Billions in Financial Benefits 14

Other Benefits Resulting from Actions Taken by Congress and Executive Branch Agencies 19

Action on Remaining Open Areas and New Areas Could Yield Significant Additional Benefits 21

Open Areas Directed to Congress and Executive Branch Agencies with Potential Financial Benefits 21

Open Areas with Other Benefits Directed to Congress and Executive Branch Agencies 26

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 30

Appendix II: New Areas in Which GAO Has Identified Fragmentation, Overlap, or Duplication 36

Appendix III: New Areas in Which GAO Has Identified Other Cost Savings or Revenue Enhancement Opportunities 69

Appendix IV: New Actions Added to Existing Areas in 2022 80

Appendix V: Open Congressional Actions, by Mission 90

Appendix VI: Additional Information on Programs Identified 110

Table 1. New Fragmentation, Overlap, and Duplication Areas Identified in This Report 9

Table 2. New Areas with Cost Savings and Revenue Enhancement Opportunities Identified in This Report 11

Table 3. New Actions Added to Existing Areas in 2022 11

Table 4. Status of 2011 to 2022 Actions Directed to Congress and the Executive Branch, as of March 2022 14

Table 5. Examples of Fully Addressed or Partially Addressed Actions with Associated Cost Savings and Revenue Enhancements, as of March 2022 17

Table 6. Examples of Areas with Open Actions with Potential Financial Benefits of $1 Billion or More 25

Table 7. Additional Examples of Open Areas Directed to Congress and Executive Branch Agencies 26

Figure 1. Definitions of Fragmentation, Overlap, and Duplication 7

Figure 2. Status of 2011 to 2022 Actions Directed to Congress and the Executive Branch, as of March 2022 13

Figure 3. Total Reported Financial Benefits of $552 Billion, as of March 2022 15

Figure 4. Summary of 12 Years of Benefits Achieved by Mission, as of March 2022 16

Figure 5. Number of Partially Addressed and Not Addressed Actions Since 2011 by Agency, as of March 2022 22

Figure 6. Fiscal Year 2021 Outlays and Number of Open Actions Since 2011, by Agency 24