국회도서관 국가전략정보포털

Introduction 1
Background 1
Definitions of the Arctic 1
Population of the Arctic 5
Eight Arctic States, Including Five Arctic Coastal States 5
U.S. Identity as an Arctic Nation 6
U.S. Arctic Research 6
Major U.S. Policy Documents Relating to Arctic 7 Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs 10
Arctic Executive Steering Committee ( AESC ) 11
Arctic Council 12
Arctic and U.N. Convention on Law of the Sea ( UNCLO ) 13
House and Senate Arctic Member Organizations 14
Issues for Congress 14
Climate Change, with Biophysical and Economic Impacts 14
Geopolitical Environment 20
U.S. and Allied Military Forces and Operations 37  Polar Icebreaking 44
Search and Rescue ( SAR ) 46
Commercial Sea Transportation 47
Oil, Gas, and Mineral Exploration 52
Oil Pollution and Pollution Response 59
Fisheries 65
Protected Species 67
CRS Reports on Specific Arctic - Related Issues 69