Title page

Contents

Abstract 3

1. Introduction 4

2. Literature 5

3. The "Integro" Program: Evaluation Design and Data Collection 6

4. Descriptive Statistics 8

5. Methods 10

6. Empirical Results 11

7. Cost-benefit Analysis 14

8. Concluding Remarks 15

References 17

Appendix 24

Table 1. Balance after the randomization (2019) 18

Table 2. Attrition (between 2019 and 2020) 18

Table 3. Balance after the interview (2020) 19

Table 4. Balance of the outcomes before the treatment (2019) 19

Table 5. Main effects 20

Table 6. Heterogeneous effects (mean socio-emotional stability vs. high socio-emotional stability) 21

Table 7. Heterogeneous effects (men vs. women) 22

Table 8. Heterogenous effects (mean level of human capital vs. high level of human capital) 22

Table 9. Heterogenous effects (mean difficulties with Italian vs. more difficulties with Italian) 23

Table A. Factor loading of the principal component analysis on variables related to human capital 24

Table B. Factor loading of the principal component analysis on variables related to living standards 24

Table C. Factor loading of the principal component analysis on variables related to socioemotional stability 24