국가전략정보포털

Title page

Contents

Executive summary 11

1. Solar energy driving India's clean energy transition 14

2. Solar waste management is imperative 15

2.1. Estimating solar waste 15

2.2. Objective 16

3. Solar waste estimation model 17

3.1. Scope 17

3.2. Assumptions 18

3.3. Scenarios 20

3.4. Limitations 21

4. India's solar waste estimates 23

4.1. Waste estimates in the base case 23

4.2. Waste estimates across scenarios 26

5. Conclusion and recommendations 28

Annexure 1: Representativeness of primary data 29

Annexure 2: Primary data for various coefficients 29

Annexure 3 31

Annexure 4 32

Annexure 5 32

Annexure 6: Overview of solar module recycling technologies 33

References 34

Table 1. Coefficients used in the analysis for different solar waste streams 19

Table 2. Overview of waste estimation scenarios 21

Table 3. Variations in the average annual and cumulative solar PV waste across scenarios 27

Figure 1. Southern and northern regions account for 71% of India's installed solar capacity 14

Figure 2. Multiple streams contribute to solar waste 17

Figure 3. ~67% of solar waste in 2030 will occur in five states 23

Figure 4. Rajasthan and Gujarat will lead the solar waste generation in 2030 24

Figure 5. India's cumulative solar waste would increase about 32 times between 2030 and 2050 25

Figure 6. India's cumulative waste will start increasing after 2040, as more of the capacity will reach EoL 27

Boxes

BOX 1. Sample calculation to determine the waste generated because of a capacity degradation 20

BOX 2. Material composition of the solar waste 26

Annexure Tables

Table A1. Representativeness of the primary capacity data on module failure 29

Table A2. Data points for waste generated during transportation and handling 29

Table A3. Data points for waste generated during project operation 30

Table A4. Observed degradation rates across regions 30

Table A5. Annual waste estimates in tonnes for different states and union territories by 2030 31

Table A6. Composition of a crystalline silicon PV module and cadmium telluride thin film module 32

Table A7. Comparison of various processes for module recycling 34

Annexure Figures

Figure A1. Contribution of various waste streams to annual waste by 2030 32

Figure A2. Overview of solar module recycling technologies 33