Title page

Contents

Abstract 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4

1. INTRODUCTION 6

2. DEVELOPED COUNTRY MEMBERS' REPORTING ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 7

2.1. Overview of the reports received from 2018 to 2020 7

2.2. Summary of incentive programmes 8

2.2.1. Agriculture and food 13

2.2.2. Environment and climate change 17

2.2.3. Information and communication technology (ICT) 22

2.2.4. Public health and pharmaceuticals 28

2.2.5. Other technology fields 33

3. TRIPS COUNCIL'S ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 42

3.1. Concept of incentive 43

3.2. Concept of technology transfer 44

3.3. Reporting format 45

4. WTO ANNUAL WORKSHOPS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 AND SURVEY ON THE NEEDS AND PRIORITIES OF LDCS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 45

4.1. LDCs' needs and priorities for technology transfer 46

4.2. Most relevant incentives for technology transfer 48

5. REFLECTIONS ON FUTURE WORK 49

ANNEX: LIST OF CURRENT WTO LDC MEMBERS AND OBSERVERS 51

REFERENCES 53

Figure 1. Timeline of developments 7

Figure 2. Programmes by field 9

Figure 3. Programmes by field and reporting Member 10

Figure 4. Programmes by LDC beneficiary and reporting Member 11

Figure 5. Programmes by LDC beneficiary and field of technology 12

Figure 6. Agriculture programmes by reporting Member 13

Figure 7. Agriculture and food programmes by LDC beneficiary 14

Figure 8. Agriculture and food programmes by type of technology 16

Figure 9. Agriculture and food programmes by type of technology and LDC beneficiary 17

Figure 10. Environment and climate change programmes by reporting Member 18

Figure 11. Environment and climate change programmes by category 20

Figure 12. Environment and climate change programmes by LDC beneficiary 21

Figure 13. Environment and climate change programmes by category and LDC beneficiary 22

Figure 14. ICT programmes by reporting Member 23

Figure 15. ICT programmes by LDC beneficiary 24

Figure 16. Nature of ICT programmes 25

Figure 17. ICT programmes by field 27

Figure 18. ICT transfer programmes by field and LDC beneficiary 28

Figure 19. Health-related programmes by reporting Member 29

Figure 20. Health-related programmes by category 31

Figure 21. Health-related programmes by LDC beneficiary 32

Figure 22. Health-related programmes by category and LDC beneficiary 33

Figure 23. IP-related programmes by reporting Member 34

Figure 24. IP-related programmes by LDC beneficiary 35

Figure 25. Programmes related to trade, business and finance by reporting Member 36

Figure 26. Programmes related to business, trade and finance by LDC beneficiary 37

Figure 27. Programmes related to business, trade and finance by category 38

Figure 28. Programmes related to education and social sciences by reporting Member 39

Figure 29. Programmes related to education and social sciences by category 40

Figure 30. Education and social sciences programmes by LDC beneficiary 41

Figure 31. Educational and social science programmes by category and LDC beneficiary 42

Figure 32. Technology needs and priorities (technology field) identified in the survey 46

Figure 33. Technology needs and priorities (specific technology needs) identified in the survey 47

Figure 34. Types of Incentives deemed most relevant 49

Figure 35. Map of LDC Members and Observers 51