Title page

Contents

Acknowledgements 4

1. The Importance of Data Regulation 8

2. Personal data protection 9

2.1. Observations of the regulatory landscape on personal data protection in Africa 10

2.2. Regional collaboration on personal data protection 14

2.3. Africa vs. other income groups on personal data protection frameworks on the book 15

2.4. Implementation and compliance 17

3. Cybersecurity and cybercrime 21

3.1. Observations of the regulatory landscape on cybercrime and cybersecurity in Africa 22

3.2. Regional collaboration on cybersecurity and cybercrime 25

3.3. Africa vs. other income groups on cybersecurity and cybercrime 26

3.4. Implementation of cybersecurity initiatives 29

4. Data regulation and governance 30

5. Use and reuse of data and cross border data flows 33

5.1. Enabling the use/reuse of public intent and private intent data 33

5.2. Cross-border data flows 35

6. Conclusion 38

7. References 40

Table I. Implementation and enforcement of selected data protection laws by 2022 21

Table II. Implementation and enforcement of cybersecurity rules 30

Figure I. Individuals' concern about their online privacy 10

Figure II. Data protection legal frameworks in Africa 11

Figure III. Comprehensiveness of African data protection laws 13

Figure IV. Responsibilities of African Data Protection Agencies 14

Figure V. Percent of countries per country income group that have adopted good regulatory practices on personal data protection 16

Figure VI. Cybersecurity and cybercrime frameworks in Africa 22

Figure VII. Comprehensiveness of African cybersecurity frameworks 23

Figure VIII. Comprehensiveness of African cybercrime frameworks 24

Figure IX. Percent of countries per country income group that have adopted good practices on cybersecurity and cybercrime 27

Figure X/Figure IX. Regulatory quality and cybersecurity and cybercrime score 32

Figure XI/Figure X. Government effectiveness and cybersecurity and cybercrime score 32

Figure XII/Figure XI. Rule of Law and cybersecurity and cybercrime score 32

Figure XIII/Figure XII. Regulatory quality score and personal protection score 32

Figure XIV/Figure XIII. Percent of countries per income group that have adopted good practices on public intent data 34

Figure XV/Figure XIV. Percent of countries per income group that have adopted good practices on private intent data 35

Figure XVI/Figure XV. Average scores on different data governance dimensions by income group/region 39

Boxes

Box I. Data processing requirements 12

Box II. Good regulatory practices in the region 16

Box III. Data protection compliance and implementation in Morocco, Kenya, and Nigeria 18

Box IV. Good regulatory practices on cybersecurity and cybercrime 28