목차
Executive summary 1
1 Introduction 2
2 Long-term fiscal pressures in the EU based on an application of the new EU fiscal framework 4
2.1 Using the European debt sustainability methodology to project longterm fiscal adjustment needs 4
2.2 Long-term assumptions 5
2.3 Baseline results 7
2.4 Alternative scenarios presumed to lead to increased sustainability risks 13
3 Policies 15
3.1 The quantitative impact of some stylised policies to reduce ageing costs 15
3.2 Country-specific recommendations to address demographic challenges 18
4 Conclusion 22
References 23
Appendix: Figures 3, 5 and 7, four-year adjustment periods 24
