Foreword v

Acknowledgement vii

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Land and Forest Fires in ASEAN 1
1.2 ASEAN Investment Framework 1
1.3 Preparation of the AIF-HFSLM 3

2 Strategies 4
2.1 History, Geographic Extent and Trends of Transboundary
 Haze in ASEAN 4
2.2 Action Taken by ASEAN and AMS to Address Transboundary
 Haze and Promote Sustainable Land Management 5
2.3 Global Frameworks and Priorities in Relation to Haze-Free
 Sustainable Land Management 5
2.4 Causes and Drivers of Transboundary Haze 6
2.5 Impact of Fires and Transboundary Haze in ASEAN 7
2.6  Benefits of Haze-Free Sustainable Land Management 8

3 Trends in Financing and Investment in Sustainable Land
Management 9
3.1 Options for Financing the Haze-Free Sustainable Land
 Management 9
3.2 New and Emerging Funding Sources for Addressing Land
 Degradation and Sustainable Land Management 10

4 Investment Framework for Haze-Free Sustainable Land
Management in ASEAN 13
4.1 Goal, Guiding Principles and Objectives 13
4.2 Objectives, Outcomes, Stakeholders and Policy Linkages 15
4.3 Linkage to Other ASEAN Mechanisms 16

5 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements 20
5.1 Implementation Arrangements 20
5.2 Sub-Regional Arrangements 23
5.3 National Institutional/Implementation Arrangements 23
5.4 Developing National Investment Plans/Frameworks 24
5.5 Engaging Multiple Sectors and Partners 24

6 Strategy for Financing and Resource Mobilisation 25
6.1 Potential Sources for Financing of HFSLM 25
6.2 Strategy for Resource Mobilisation 27
6.3 Decentralised Financing Modality with Regional
 Coordination 28
6.4 Link or Integrate Ongoing and Pipeline Projects into the
 AIF-HFSLM 28
6.5 Indicative Funding Priorities and Scale of New Resources
Required 29

7 Monitoring and Evaluation 30
7.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Objectives 30
7.2 Data Collection and Processing Arrangements 30
7.3 Reporting 31
7.4 Mid-Term Review 31

8 Initial Steps for Further Development and Implementation 32

Appendix 1 Key ASEAN Initiatives and Mechanisms 34
Appendix 2 Key Policies and Strategies 41
Appendix 3 Indicative Investment Needs 46