목차
I. What does ‘bias in military AI’ refer to? 2
Disagreement in the expert literature 2
A common reference point in the policy debate: Bias as systemic unfairness 3
II. The sources of bias in military AI 4
Bias in society 5
Bias in data processing and algorithm development 6
Bias in use 7
III. The humanitarian consequences of bias in military AI 8
Misidentification of targets 8
Disproportionate incidental civilian harm 8
Disproportionate surveillance and profiling 9
Stigmatization of and discrimination against vulnerable populations in relief actions 9
Exacerbation of the difficulty of spotting, correcting and attributing bias 10
IV. Conclusions 10
