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The cost of inaction : quantifying the impact of climate change on health in low- and middle-income countries
(행동하지 않을 비용 : 저소득 및 중간소득 국가에서 기후 변화가 건강에 미치는 영향의 정량적 분석)

□ 기후 변화는 저소득 및 중간소득 국가(LMICs)의 건강에 심각한 영향을 미치며, 극한 기후, 감염병 확산, 영양 실조 등의 문제를 야기함. 특히, 기후 변화로 인해 질병 사례와 사망률이 증가할 것으로 예상되며, 이에 따른 경제적 비용도 급격히 상승할 전망임. 보고서는 이러한 위험을 정량적으로 분석하고, 기후 변화와 건강 문제의 상관관계를 밝히는 데 초점을 맞춤

□ 분석에 따르면, 2026년부터 2050년 사이 기후 변화로 인해 최대 52억 건의 질병 발생과 1,560만 명의 사망이 예상됨. 특히, 사하라 이남 아프리카(SSA)와 남아시아(SA)가 가장 큰 피해를 입을 것으로 보이며, 전체 피해의 절반 이상이 이들 지역에서 발생할 것으로 전망됨. 기후 변화는 특정 질병의 확산을 가속화하고, 건강 취약 계층에게 더욱 심각한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 작용함

□ 또한, 기후 변화로 인한 건강 영향의 경제적 비용은 2050년까지 최대 20.8조 달러에 이를 것으로 추산됨. 이는 저소득 및 중간소득 국가 GDP의 최대 1.3%에 해당하며, 특히 사하라 이남 아프리카 지역에서는 GDP의 3.6%까지 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상됨. 이로 인해 의료 비용 부담이 커지고, 건강 불평등이 심화될 가능성이 큼

□ 보고서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 즉각적인 기후 대응과 보건 시스템 강화를 촉구함. 단순히 개별 질병에 대한 대응이 아니라, 기후 변화에 적응할 수 있는 지속 가능한 보건 시스템 구축이 필요함. 이를 위해 각국 정부와 국제 사회가 협력하여 정책적, 재정적 투자를 확대해야 하며, 기후 위기 대응이 보건 정책의 핵심 요소로 포함되어야 함

목차

Title page

Contents

Foreword 6

Acknowledgments 7

Abbreviations 8

Units of Measurement 8

Summary 9

1. Introduction 12

2. Methods 15

2.1. Selection of Countries 16

2.2. Selection of Climate Scenarios 16

2.3. Modeling and Analytical Approach 19

2.4. Data 24

3. Impacts of Climate Change on Health and the Economic Cost of Inaction 25

3.1. Impacts of Climate Change on Health 26

3.2. Economic Cost of Inaction 27

4. Discussion 30

4.1. Summary of Key Findings 31

4.2. Comparison of Findings with Key Literature 32

4.3. Study Caveats 34

4.4. Policy Implications and Future Directions 36

Annex 1. Countries Included in the Analysis 37

Annex 2. SSPs and RCPs 40

Annex 3. Estimating the Impacts of Climate Change on Morbidity and Mortality 44

Annex 4. Modeling Fatality Rates 49

Annex 5. Estimating YLL from Climate Change 53

Annex 6. Estimating the Economic Cost of Climate-Related Health Impacts 56

Annex 7. Cumulative Estimates of the Impacts of Climate Change on Morbidity and Mortality in the Short Term and Long Term 76

Annex 8. Economic Cost of the Health Impacts of Climate Change in the Short Term and Long Term 78

References 79

Table 1. Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 17

Table 2. Comparative Analysis of Approaches: WHO (2014) and This Report 19

Table 3. Cumulative Number of Cases Attributable to Climate Change: 2026-2050 26

Table 4. Cumulative Number of Deaths Attributable to Climate Change: 2026-2050 27

Table 5. Cumulative Economic Cost of the Health Impacts of Climate Change: 2026-2050 28

Figure 1. SSPs and RCPs 18

Figure 2. Distribution of the Economic Cost of the Health Impacts of Climate Change Across Regions: 2026-2050 29

Annex Tables

Table A.1. LMICs Included in the Analysis 37

Table A.2. Total Projected Regional Population 41

Table A.3. Total Projected Regional GDP (Trillion USD) 41

Table A.4. Modeling Malaria's Fatality Rate 51

Table A.5. Estimating Life Expectancies 53

Table A.6. Age Distribution of Deaths from Malaria in Nigeria in 2020 54

Table A.7. Age Distribution of Deaths from Malaria in Cameroon in 2020 55

Table A.8. Estimated Country-Specific Values for VSL (USD) - SSP3 57

Table A.9. Estimated Country-Specific Values for VSL (USD) - SSP2 59

Table A.10. Estimated Country-Specific Values for COI Dengue (USD) - SSP3 62

Table A.11. Estimated Country-Specific Values for COI Dengue (USD) - SSP2 64

Table A.12. Estimated Country-Specific Values for COI Malaria (USD) - SSP3 66

Table A.13. Estimated Country-Specific Values for COI Malaria (USD) - SSP2 68

Table A.14. Estimated Country-Specific Values for COI Diarrhea (USD) - SSP3 70

Table A.15. Estimated Country-Specific Values for COI Diarrhea (USD) - SSP2 72

Table A.16. Cumulative Number of Cases Attributable to Climate Change: 2026-2030 76

Table A.17. Cumulative Number of Deaths Attributable to Climate Change: 2026-2030 76

Table A.18. Cumulative Number of Cases Attributable to Climate Change: 2026-2100 77

Table A.19. Cumulative Number of Deaths Attributable to Climate Change: 2026-2100 77

Table A.20. Economic Cost of the Health Impacts of Climate Change: 2026-2030 78

Table A.21. Economic Cost of the Health Impacts of Climate Change: 2026-2100 78

Annex Figures

Figure A.1. Population Growth under SSPs 40

Figure A.2. Economic Growth under SSPs 40

해시태그

#기후변화 # 건강영향 # 저소득국가 # 온난화영향

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The cost of inaction : quantifying the impact of climate change on health in low- and middle-income countries

(행동하지 않을 비용 : 저소득 및 중간소득 국가에서 기후 변화가 건강에 미치는 영향의 정량적 분석)