목차
Title page 1
Contents 4
Acknowledgments 3
Executive Summary 6
1. Introduction: Lessons from recent supply chain disruptions 8
2. Global supply chains: Complex, non-intuitive and vulnerable 10
3. Definitions of risk and resilience 13
4. Resilience strategies 15
4.1. Aggregate building blocks of resilience 15
4.2. Routine risk management practices 15
4.3. How emergency preparedness differs from routine risk management 16
4.4. The use of inventory in global supply chains 18
4.5. Firm-level inventory for routine risk management 19
4.6. Government stockpiles for emergency response 20
4.7. Backup suppliers 21
4.8. Geographic de-risking: Friend-shoring, near-shoring and reshoring 21
5. Landscape of actions taken by firms and governments since COVID-19 22
5.1. Evidence of changes in firm-level strategies 22
5.2. Overview of government policies 23
5.3. Sector-specific measures and initiatives 27
5.4. Assessing recent policy changes applying principles of resilience management 30
6. The role of governments in supply chain resilience 31
6.1. Reducing logistics friction 31
6.2. Promoting regulatory co-operation and flexibility 32
6.3. Creating an industrial commons 33
6.4. Preparedness conference of public-private stakeholders 34
7. Concluding remarks 36
References 38
Annex A. Operationalising the preparedness conference 46
Tables 4
Table 1. Four different scales of disruption severity, as measured by demand fluctuation 17
Table 2. Policies implemented to avert supply chain disruptions for medical products reported by OECD countries 28
Table 3. Comparison of logistics performance across a sample of countries 32
Table 4. Resources to be deployed for the creation of an industrial commons 34
Table 5. Potential draft agenda of a preparedness conference 36
Figures 4
Figure 1. Supply chain disruptions in the United States during COVD-19, by sector 8
Figure 2. The reduction in supply chain disruptions after COVID-19 9
Figure 3. Different scopes of supply chain management 17
Figure 4. The four integrated quadrants of the disaster management lifecycle 18
Figure 5. Efficient frontier of the cost of responsiveness 19
Figure 6. The three components of an industrial commons 33
Figure 7. The five components of preparedness 35
Annex Tables 4
Table A A.1. Sample of checklists 48
Annex Figures 4
Figure A A.1. The three phases of the preparedness conference 46
