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Title page 1
Contents 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
INTRODUCTION 8
NEXT-GENERATION PNT: A NATIONAL SECURITY PRIORIT 10
CORE QUANTUM SENSORS FOR NEXT-GENERATION PNT 14
A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE U.S. QUANTUM SENSING ECOSYSTEM 23
REMAINING CHALLENGES FOR QUANTUM PNT 36
RECOMMENDATIONS TO ADVANCE U.S. QUANTUM SENSING FOR NEXT-GENERATION PNT 40
CONCLUSION 47
APPENDIX 48
Tables 10
TABLE 1. APPLICATIONS REQUIRING PNT IN DEFENSE, CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND OTHER SECTORS 10
TABLE 2. SUMMARY OF QUANTUM SENSORS' ADVANTAGES OVER CLASSICAL ALTERNATIVES, CURRENT LIMITATIONS, AND NEXT STEPS TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE 22
TABLE 3. U.S. GOVERNMENT QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE R&D INVESTMENTS BY BUDGET CATEGORY, FISCAL YEARS 2019-2024 25
TABLE 4. COUNTRY-LEVEL STATISTICS ON RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS IN QUANTUM SENSING RELEVANT TO PNT, 2010-2024 29
TABLE 5. GLOBAL TOP 15 RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS BY RESEARCH PUBLICATION COUNT IN RELEVANT QUANTUM SENSING TOPICS, 2010-2024 31
TABLE 6. U.S.-HEADQUARTERED COMPANIES DEVELOPING QUANTUM SENSING TECHNOLOGY 33
Figures 12
FIGURE 1. GPS UNDERPINS PNT ACROSS A HETEROGENEOUS SET OF PLATFORMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE 12
FIGURE 2. TURNING LABORATORY-GRADE SYSTEMS INTO COMPACT, FIELDABLE DEVICES IS A FORMIDABLE TECHNICAL CHALLENGE FOR QUANTUM SENSING 16
FIGURE 3. ATOMIC CLOCKS ARE SHOWING MAJOR BREAKTHROUGHS IN PERFORMANCE AND FIELDABILITY 17
FIGURE 4. QUANTUM GYROSCOPE MODALITIES VARY IN SIZE AND FIELDABILITY 19
FIGURE 5. QUANTUM GRAVIMETERS AND MAGNETOMETERS HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATED ABOARD REAL-WORLD PLATFORMS 21
FIGURE 6. COMPARATIVE TRENDS IN U.S. AND CHINA QUANTUM SENSING RESEARCH OUTPUTS, 2010-2024 30
