목차
Title page 1
Contents 1
Abstract 3
1. Introduction 4
2. Background and Data 11
2.1. China's Rise as a New Scientific Powerhouse 11
2.2. Classifying Scientific Publications into Topics at Scale 12
2.3. World's Top Research Universities 14
3. Empirical Framework 15
3.1. Identification Strategy 15
3.2. Illustration of Empirical Strategy 18
4. China's Rise in Science and Global Knowledge Production 20
4.1. The Net Impact of Exposure to China 20
4.2. Assessing the Plausibility of Exogenous Shares 22
4.3. Robustness Checks 23
4.4. Competition and Spillover Effects 26
4.5. Topic-level Analysis 27
5. Discussion 29
5.1. Conceptual Framework 29
5.2. Characterizing Different Scientific Fields 30
6. Conclusions 32
References 34
Appendix A 54
Appendix B 61
Tables 41
Table 1. Summary statistics, 1995-2020 41
Table 2. Impact of exposure to China's rise in science 43
Table 3. Alternative measures of research performance 44
Table 4. Robustness to excluding dominant institutions 45
Table 5. Research output not involving China-based collaborators or Chinese funding 46
Table 6. References to Chinese research 47
Table 7. Heterogeneity by university location and tier 48
Table 8. Topic-level analysis 49
Figures 50
Figure 1. China's rise in science 50
Figure 2. Sources of variation 51
Figure 3. Sketch of identification strategy 52
Figure 4. Characterizing scientific fields 53
Appendix Tables 55
Table A1. Nature Index 55
Table A2. Example of Meso topics 56
Table A3. Robustness to exposure based on earlier topic shares 57
Table A4. Robustness to using micro (vs. meso) topics 58
Table A5. Restricting analysis window to 1995-2015 59
Table A6. Robustness to uniform sample size 60
Table B1. Relationship between topic shares and institution characteristics: CLS 62
Table B2. Relationship between topic shares and institution characteristics: Chemistry 63
Table B3. Relationship between topic shares and institution characteristics: AEE 64
Table B4. Relationship between topic shares and institution characteristics: EE&CS 65
Table B5. Relationship between topic shares and institution characteristics: Physics 66
Table B6. Relationship between topic shares and institution characteristics: EMS 67
Table B7. Relationship between topic shares and institution characteristics: Earth 68
Table B8. Relationship between topic shares and institution characteristics: Math 69
Appendix Figures 70
Figure B1. Five-year growth rates and initial topic shares: CLS 70
Figure B2. Five-year growth rates and initial topic shares: Chemistry 71
Figure B3. Five-year growth rates and initial topic shares: AEE 72
Figure B4. Five-year growth rates and initial topic shares: EE&CS 73
Figure B5. Five-year growth rates and initial topic shares: Physics 74
Figure B6. Five-year growth rates and initial topic shares: EMS 75
Figure B7. Five-year growth rates and initial topic shares: Earth 76
Figure B8. Five-year growth rates and initial topic shares: Math 77
