목차
Title page 1
Contents 8
Executive summary 4
Résumé 6
Introduction 9
The Rise of Data Centers 11
The Recent Soaring Electricity Demand as Efficiency Gains Level Off 11
Data Centers' Growing Size and AI's Growing Role 14
AI and Data Centers: A Twofold Revolution 16
Massive Energy Consumption 16
AI and Data Centers: Catalysts of Opportunities 19
AI's Challenges and Constraints on Data Centers 21
Dominant Future Trends 25
Big Tech and Big Oil: Caught between Ambition and the Energy Dilemma 25
The Future of Data Centers 27
Conclusion 30
Figures 11
Figure 1. Global electricity demand from data centers (TWh) (excluding cryptocurrencies), 2015-2023 11
Figure 2. Trends in DC energy-use drivers, 2010-2018 12
Figure 3. Average data center's power usage effectiveness worldwide, 2007-2024 12
Figure 4. Nvidia's AI-chips efficiency (in J/Token), 2014-2024 13
Figure 5. Data center capacity trends, 2017-2027 15
Figure 6. AI energy demand per task, 2024 17
Figure 7. US data center electricity consumption forecasts, 2022-2030 18
