목차
Title page 1
Contens 3
Executive Summary 4
SECTION 1. Introduction 14
1.1. Surging global demand for critical minerals 15
1.2. Canada's opportunity 18
1.3. Unlocking capital flows 21
SECTION 2. The challenge 25
2.1. Meeting domestic demand 26
2.2. Realizing export opportunities 29
SECTION 3. Market risks for investors 32
3.1. Financial risks for investors 34
3.2. Identifying policy priorities 41
3.3. Addressing price volatility 43
SECTION 4. Risk and opportunities for Indigenous communities 49
4.1. Risks and opportunities 52
4.2. Identifying policy priorities 59
4.3. Resources to engage on mining projects 66
4.4. Access to capital 70
SECTION 5. Environmental risks 78
5.1. Risks from mining 80
5.2. Identifying policy priorities 85
5.3. Managing risks from mine closures 87
5.4. Managing risks from tailings 91
SECTION 6. Reducing delays in project reviews 95
SECTION 7. Four recommendations to put Canada on the critical path 101
SUBSIDIARY SECTIONS 109
Glossary 110
Appendix A. Methods and analytical framework 112
Appendix B. Capital investment modelling methodology 118
Appendix C. Evaluation of policy options 120
Acknowledgments 136
References 139
Tables 43
Table 1. SUMMARY OF POLICY PROBLEMS CONCERNING FINANCIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INVESTMENT IN CRITICAL MINERALS MINING IN CANADA 43
Table 2. SUMMARY OF POLICY PROBLEMS CONCERNING RISKS TO INDIGENOUS RIGHTS AND COMMUNITIES FROM CRITICAL MINERALS MINING IN CANADA 65
Table 3. SUMMARY OF POLICY PROBLEMS CONCERNING ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS FROM CRITICAL MINERALS MINING IN CANADA 87
Figures 19
Figure 1. CANADIAN RESERVES AND PRODUCTION VOLUMES OF FIVE CRITICAL MINERALS 19
Figure 2. CANADIAN PRODUCTION GAP TO MEETING DOMESTIC CRITICAL MINERAL DEMAND 28
Figure 3a. TOTAL PROJECTED DEMAND FROM CANADA'S TOP THREE EXPORT MARKETS 30
Figure 3b. TOTAL PROJECTED DEMAND FROM CANADA'S TOP THREE EXPORT MARKETS 31
Figure 4. PRICE VOLATILITY VARIES BY MINERAL 35
Figure 5. TWO-WAY CONTRACT FOR DIFFERENCE FOR COMMODITIES 46
Figure 6. FREE, PRIOR, AND INFORMED CONSENT REQUIRES TRUST BUILT UP OVER A PROJECT'S LIFECYCLE 56
Boxes 17
Box 1. RECYCLING IS CRUCIAL BUT WILL NOT BE ENOUGH TO MEET INCREASING DEMAND FOR CRITICAL MINERALS-AT LEAST IN THE SHORT RUN 17
Box 2. CANADA HAS SEVERAL ADVANTAGES IN CRITICAL MINERALS 18
Box 3. THE CANADIAN POLICY LANDSCAPE FOR CRITICAL MINERALS 20
Box 4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22
Box 5. ADDITIONAL RESEARCH THAT COMPLEMENTS THIS REPORT 24
Box 6. MINING IS AN INHERENTLY RISKY INDUSTRY 34
Box 7. THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR NEW MINING PROJECTS IN CANADA 39
Box 8. FREE, PRIOR, AND INFORMED CONSENT IS KEY TO ENABLING PARTNERSHIPS WITH INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES-BUT IS NOT YET... 54
Box 9. ANOTHER SYSTEMIC POLICY PROBLEM: AMBIGUITY CONTINUES TO SURROUND INDIGENOUS LAND TITLE 61
Box 10. LOW CORPORATE LITERACY TOWARD INDIGENOUS CULTURES, VALUES, AND KNOWLEDGE IS NOT A PUBLIC POLICY PROBLEM 64
Box 11. ALBERTA'S SUCCESSFUL MODEL OF GOVERNMENT-BACKED INDIGENOUS LOAN GUARANTEES 73
Box 12. INDIGENOUS-LED MODEL FOR MAXIMIZING THE VALUE OF MINERAL REVENUES 76
Box 13. LAND-USE EMISSIONS FROM DISTURBANCE OF ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS 82
