목차
Title page 1
Contents 1
The case for improving parental leaves 2
The gender gap in paid parental leaves: a mixed picture 4
Reducing gender gaps in paid parental leaves: Lessons from national experience 8
Improving parental leaves so no parent is left behind: An investment case 15
Conclusion: More balanced parental leaves for gender equality at work 17
Appendix 1. ILO legal data review 18
Appendix 2. Gender gap in paid parental leaves 18
Bibliography 21
Acknowledgements 23
Figures 5
Figure 1. Average length of the global gender gap in paid parental leaves 5
Figure 2. Length of the gender gap in paid parental leaves by country, 2024 6
Figure 3. Average duration of paid parental leaves entitlements available to mothers, paid parental leaves reserved for fathers and the gender gap,.. 7
Figure 4. Ratification of the three ILO maternity protection Conventions by country, 2025 9
Figure 5. Presence of maternity leave scheme aligned with the provisions of Convention No. 183 by country, 2024 10
Figure 6. Duration of individual and non-transferable parental leave for fathers in countries with specific parental leave periods for fathers, 2024 12
Boxes 4
Box 1. The gender gap in paid parental leaves 4
Box 2. Promoting the use of paternity leave entitlements by fathers: Compulsory leave 11
Box 3. How parental leave can change mindsets around the distribution of caregiving 12
Box 4. The ILO Care Policy Investment Simulator: Progressively expanding leave provisions to support working parents 15
