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Title page 1
Contents 3
Highlights 2
Letter 5
Background 7
The U.S. Defense Industrial Base 7
Supply Chain Risks 7
Executive Orders and Congressional Mandates Related to Defense Industrial Base 8
Primary DOD Organizations Engaged in Guidance and Oversight of the Defense Industrial Base 9
Government Procurement Data Provide DOD with Limited Insight into the Country of Origin of Goods 11
DOD Has Not Taken Key Steps in Its Supply Chain Visibility Efforts 13
DOD Efforts to Identify Country-of-Origin Information Have Had Limited Success 14
DOD Has Not Taken Actions to Implement Recommendations That Could Improve Its Ability to Identify Foreign Dependency Risks 18
DOD Has Not Tested an Alternative Approach for Collecting Country-of-Origin Data 21
DOD Identified Supply Chain Priority Areas but Faces Challenges in Identifying Foreign Dependency Risks 23
DOD Is Focused on Several Priority Areas to Mitigate Supply Chain Risks 23
Selected Examples Illustrate DOD's Challenges with Identifying Foreign Dependency Risks 26
Conclusion 28
Recommendations for Executive Action 29
Agency Comments 29
Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 31
Appendix II: Comments from the Department of Defense 35
Appendix III: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 37
Tables 3
Table 1. Examples of Department of Defense (DOD) Efforts to Enhance Supply Chain Visibility 17
Figures 3
Figure 1. Department of Defense's (DOD) Supply Chain Risks, Including for Foreign Dependency 8
Figure 2. Supply Chain Visibility Through the Federal Procurement Data System and DIBMAP 16
Figure 3. Summary of Defense Business Board Recommendations for Improving Department of Defense (DOD) Supply Chain Visibility, January 2025 20
Figure 4. Department of Defense's (DOD) Eight Supply Chain Priority Areas and Examples of Foreign Dependency Risks 24
