목차
Title page 1
Contents 7
Opportunity for comment 3
Terms of reference 4
Acknowledgments 6
Executive summary 9
Draft recommendations 10
About this inquiry 15
Our areas of focus 15
Our approach 16
1. Reducing the cost of meeting emissions targets 17
Summary 17
Introduction 18
Incentivise reducing electricity emissions after 2030 19
Improve incentives in heavy industry 22
Fill gaps and eliminate overlaps in transport 27
Apply frameworks to achieve targets at least cost 37
2. Speeding up approvals for new energy infrastructure 43
Summary 43
Why it is important to speed up approvals 44
Reform national environment laws 45
Focus on priority projects 55
Consider the energy transition in approval decisions 58
The economic benefits of faster approvals 59
3. Addressing barriers to private investment in adaptation 61
Summary 61
Australians need resilient housing 62
Accountability measures keep policy action on track 76
Appendix A. Public consultation 78
Abbreviations 86
References 87
Tables 24
Table 1.1. Safeguard Mechanism coverage of heavy industry emissions, 2023-24 24
Table 1.2. Industrial facilities emitting less than 100,000 tonnes of CO₂-e per year, 2023-24 25
Table 1.3. Almost half of transport emissions come from passenger cars 28
Table 1.4. Fuel excise components if heavy vehicles that use public roads were to pay the full rate 34
Figures 28
Figure 1.1. Emissions-reduction incentives in the transport sector and their issues 28
Figure 1.2. The Safeguard Mechanism covers most emissions from rail and aviation but misses heavy vehicles 31
Figure 1.3. A TCCV is the marginal cost of achieving an emissions target at a given point in time 38
Figure 1.4. Target-consistent carbon values rise over time 39
Figure 2.1. It often takes years to reach a final decision for EPBC-referred projects 45
Figure 3.1. Recommendations to uplift the resilience of Australia's housing stock 64
Figure 3.2. Resilience investments in housing yield high returns 71
Boxes 69
Box 3.1. Resilience related changes to the NCC must demonstrate high benefits that exceed costs 69
Appendix Tables 79
Table A.1. Consultations 79
Table A.2. Questionnaire responses 81
Table A.3. Submissions 84
