목차
Title page 1
Contents 1
Abstract 3
1. Introduction 4
2. Data: Novel Student Survey 8
2.1. Recruitment and Structure 8
2.2. Sample and Summary Statistics 9
3. Generative AI Usage Patterns Among Students 10
3.1. Adoption of Generative AI 10
3.2. Adoption by Student Characteristics and Field of Study 11
3.3. Timing of Generative AI Adoption 13
3.4. Choice of Generative AI Models 14
4. Generative AI and the Production of Learning 15
4.1. The Use of Generative AI across Academic Tasks 15
4.2. Automation versus Augmentation 16
4.3. Heterogeneity in Augmentation versus Automation Usage 18
5. Institutional Policies and AI Adoption 19
5.1. The Role of Institutional Policies in Shaping Student Behavior 19
5.2. Understanding of Institutional Policies and Resources 20
6. Beliefs About AI's Educational Impact and Peer Usage 21
6.1. Student Beliefs of AI's Impact on Educational Outcomes 21
6.2. Student Beliefs About Peer Use of Generative AI 22
7. Discussion 24
References 39
Appendix 44
A. Appendix Figures and Tables 44
B. Empirical Appendix 54
C. Qualitative Evidence on Student Perspectives on AI Use 57
D. Qualitative Evidence on Student Views of AI Policies 64
E. Survey Instrument 69
Tables 35
Table 1. Summary Statistics of Survey Participants 35
Table 2. Student Characteristics Associated with Frequency of Generative AI Use 36
Table 3. Student Characteristics Associated with Timing of Generative AI Adoption 37
Table 4. Student Characteristics Associated with Task Augmentation and Automation 38
Figures 26
Figure 1. The Adoption of Generative AI among Middlebury College Students 26
Figure 2. The Evolution of Generative AI Adoption among Middlebury College Students 27
Figure 3. Adoption of Generative AI Models Among College Students 28
Figure 4. Academic Uses of Generative AI 29
Figure 5. Student Reported Likelihood of Using AI under Different Policies 30
Figure 6. Understanding of Generative AI Policies and Resources 31
Figure 7. Student Beliefs about the Impact of AI on their Academic Performance 32
Figure 8. Relationship Between AI Adoption and Beliefs About AI's Academic Benefits 33
Figure 9. Student Beliefs about Generative AI Usage at Middlebury College 34
Appendix Tables 50
Table A1. Generative AI Usage Frequency by Student Characteristics 50
Table A2. Student Characteristics Associated with Choice of Generative AI Models 51
Table A3. Student Characteristics Associated with AI Usage Likelihood Under Different Institutional Policies 52
Table A4. Student Characteristics Associated with Perceived Learning Benefits 53
Table B1. Student Characteristics Associated with Task-Specific Use of Generative AI 56
Appendix Figures 44
Figure A1. Generative AI Usage Survey Design Overview 44
Figure A2. Cumulative Generative AI Use by Student Characteristic 45
Figure A3. Percent of Students Who Pay for Generative AI Tools 46
Figure A4. Academic Uses of ChatGPT: Evidence from Global Survey 47
Figure A5. Student Beliefs about AI Usage versus Actual Usage under Different Policies 48
Figure A6. Relationship Between Beliefs About AI Usage and Actual AI Usage 49
Figure C1. Word Cloud of Student Motivations for Generative AI Use 61
Figure C2. Relationship Between AI Sentiment and AI Adoption 62
Figure C3. Frequency of Keywords in Student Motivations for AI Use 63
Figure D1. Word Cloud of Student Feedback on Generative AI Policies 67
Figure D2. Frequency of Keywords in Student Feedback on AI Policies 68
